Connect to TiDB with JDBC

TiDB is a MySQL-compatible database, and JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is the data access API for Java. MySQL Connector/J is MySQL's implementation of JDBC.

In this tutorial, you can learn how to use TiDB and JDBC to accomplish the following tasks:

• Set up your environment.
• Connect to your TiDB cluster using JDBC.
• Build and run your application. Optionally, you can find sample code snippets for basic CRUD operations.

Prerequisites

To complete this tutorial, you need:

• Java Development Kit (JDK) 17 or higher. You can choose OpenJDK or Oracle JDK based on your business and personal requirements.
• Maven 3.8 or higher.
• Git.
• A TiDB cluster.

If you don't have a TiDB cluster, you can create one as follows:

• (Recommended) Follow Creating a TiDB Serverless cluster to create your own TiDB Cloud cluster.
• Follow Deploy a local test TiDB cluster or Deploy a production TiDB cluster to create a local cluster.

Run the sample app to connect to TiDB

This section demonstrates how to run the sample application code and connect to TiDB.

Step 1: Clone the sample app repository

Run the following commands in your terminal window to clone the sample code repository:

git clone https://github.com/tidb-samples/tidb-java-jdbc-quickstart.git
cd tidb-java-jdbc-quickstart

Step 2: Configure connection information

Connect to your TiDB cluster depending on the TiDB deployment option you've selected.

• TiDB Serverless
• TiDB Dedicated
• TiDB Self-Hosted

Step 3: Run the code and check the result

1. Execute the following command to run the sample code:

   make
   

2. Check the Expected-Output.txt to see if the output matches.

Sample code snippets

You can refer to the following sample code snippets to complete your own application development.

For complete sample code and how to run it, check out the tidb-samples/tidb-java-jdbc-quickstart repository.

Connect to TiDB

public MysqlDataSource getMysqlDataSource() throws SQLException {
    MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = new MysqlDataSource();

    mysqlDataSource.setServerName(${tidb_host});
    mysqlDataSource.setPortNumber(${tidb_port});
    mysqlDataSource.setUser(${tidb_user});
    mysqlDataSource.setPassword(${tidb_password});
    mysqlDataSource.setDatabaseName(${tidb_db_name});
    if (${tidb_use_ssl}) {
        mysqlDataSource.setSslMode(PropertyDefinitions.SslMode.VERIFY_IDENTITY.name());
        mysqlDataSource.setEnabledTLSProtocols("TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3");
    }

    return mysqlDataSource;
}

When using this function, you need to replace ${tidb_host}, ${tidb_port}, ${tidb_user}, ${tidb_password}, and ${tidb_db_name} with the actual values of your TiDB cluster.

Insert data

public void createPlayer(PlayerBean player) throws SQLException {
    MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = getMysqlDataSource();
    try (Connection connection = mysqlDataSource.getConnection()) {
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO player (id, coins, goods) VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
        preparedStatement.setString(1, player.getId());
        preparedStatement.setInt(2, player.getCoins());
        preparedStatement.setInt(3, player.getGoods());

        preparedStatement.execute();
    }
}

For more information, refer to Insert data.

Query data

public void getPlayer(String id) throws SQLException {
    MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = getMysqlDataSourceByEnv();
    try (Connection connection = mysqlDataSource.getConnection()) {
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM player WHERE id = ?");
        preparedStatement.setString(1, id);
        preparedStatement.execute();

        ResultSet res = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        if(res.next()) {
            PlayerBean player = new PlayerBean(res.getString("id"), res.getInt("coins"), res.getInt("goods"));
            System.out.println(player);
        }
    }
}

For more information, refer to Query data.

Update data

public void updatePlayer(String id, int amount, int price) throws SQLException {
    MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = getMysqlDataSourceByEnv();
    try (Connection connection = mysqlDataSource.getConnection()) {
        PreparedStatement transfer = connection.prepareStatement("UPDATE player SET goods = goods + ?, coins = coins + ? WHERE id=?");
        transfer.setInt(1, -amount);
        transfer.setInt(2, price);
        transfer.setString(3, id);
        transfer.execute();
    }
}

For more information, refer to Update data.

Delete data

public void deletePlayer(String id) throws SQLException {
    MysqlDataSource mysqlDataSource = getMysqlDataSourceByEnv();
    try (Connection connection = mysqlDataSource.getConnection()) {
        PreparedStatement deleteStatement = connection.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM player WHERE id=?");
        deleteStatement.setString(1, id);
        deleteStatement.execute();
    }
}

For more information, refer to Delete data.

Useful notes

Using driver or ORM framework?

The Java driver provides low-level access to the database, but it requires the developers to:

• Manually establish and release database connections.
• Manually manage database transactions.
• Manually map data rows to data objects.

Unless you need to write complex SQL statements, it is recommended to use ORM framework for development, such as Hibernate, MyBatis, or Spring Data JPA. It can help you:

• Reduce boilerplate code for managing connections and transactions.
• Manipulate data with data objects instead of a number of SQL statements.

Next steps

• Learn more usage of MySQL Connector/J from the documentation of MySQL Connector/J.
• Learn the best practices for TiDB application development with the chapters in the Developer guide, such as Insert data, Update data, Delete data, Single table reading, Transactions, and SQL performance optimization.
• Learn through the professional TiDB developer courses and earn TiDB certifications after passing the exam.
• Learn through the course for Java developers: Working with TiDB from Java.

Need help?

Ask questions on the Discord, or create a support ticket.